About the Encyclopedia
Who manages this Web site?
This Web site was created and is maintained by the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
Where can I find information about the sponsors, editors, and authors of the encyclopedia?
Click the About button that appears at the bottom of every page of this Web site to read more about who sponsors, edits, and writes the encyclopedia.
Citations and Permissions
How do I cite material from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe?
Each of our articles includes a “cite this article” link at the top of the article page that contains a formatted citation as per the Modern Language Association (MLA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and the Chicago Manual of Style. Read the Complete User Guide: Articles section of the User Guide for more information about citing material from the encyclopedia.
How do I obtain permission to use images from the encyclopedia?
Unfortunately, we cannot always grant permission to use the images and documents that appear in the online edition of The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, because we don’t hold the copyright to all of them. The images and documents are displayed with the name of the copyright owner. If you’d like to use one of these images or documents, please contact the copyright owner for permission. If YIVO is the copyright owner, contact us for permission by following this link. You may use images from the encyclopedia for personal, noncommercial purposes without explicit permission.
How do I purchase images or documents from the encyclopedia?
The images and documents in the encyclopedia are displayed with the name of the copyright owner. If YIVO is the copyright owner, follow this link for information about buying copies. If YIVO is not the copyright owner, you will need to contact the agency or individual named in the credit.
How can I purchase the print edition? How much does it cost?
The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe is available in a two-volume print edition for $400. To order a copy, visit Yale University Press or call Triliteral Sales: 1-800-405-1619. For orders from outside North America, go to Yale University Press London.
Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy
How does this Web site collect and use information?
Please read about our Terms & Conditions.
What is this Web site’s policy on use of my personal information?
Please read about our Privacy Policy.
Using Our Special Features
How can I improve my search results?
Here are a couple of suggestions about getting better search results. To read more about using search visit the Complete User Guide: Search:
You will notice that as you begin typing in the main search box, a list of suggested terms appears. These terms will give you a sense of the contents of the encyclopedia.
To get the best results, enter specific terms or more than one keyword in the search box. You will find more accurate results for textile factory, for example, than you will for factory.
Use quotation marks around words or phrases if you want them to appear word for word in your search results. Other Boolean operators, like and, or, and not are not recognized by our search engine, so they won’t improve your search results.
I’m not sure if I’m spelling a Hebrew or Yiddish word correct. Is there a way I can check?
We have provided the following transliteration tables for Hebrew and Yiddish words using the Roman alphabet:
Hebrew Transliteration Table
Yiddish Transliteration Table
For Educators
Is it OK to use material from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe in my classroom?
If you’re a teacher, you may use reasonable portions of the encyclopedia for nonprofit, educational purposes. See our Terms & Conditions for more details.
How do I obtain permission to use images or documents from the encyclopedia?
Unfortunately, we cannot always give you permission to use the images and documents that appear in the online edition of The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe because we don’t hold the copyright to all of them. The images and documents are displayed with the name of the copyright owner. If you’d like to use one of these images or documents, please contact the copyright owner for permission. If YIVO is the copyright owner, contact us for permission by following this link.
Can my students use material from the encyclopedia?
The rules for students are similar to the ones for teachers. If you are a student, you may use reasonable portions of the encyclopedia to prepare reports, dissertations, presentations, and school newspaper articles provided you are using the information for noncommercial, educational activities. To cite the encyclopedia, click the “cite this article” link that appears at the top of each of our essays. A window containing the citation in Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), and Chicago Manual of Style format will appear. Read the Articles section of the User’s Guide for more information about citing material from the encyclopedia.
For Researchers
Is it OK to use material from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe in my research?
If you’re a scholar, you may copy reasonable portions of the content for reports, dissertations, or presentations and for similar nonprofit, educational purposes. Read our Terms & Conditions for more information. To cite the encyclopedia, click the “cite this article” link that appears at the top of each article. A window containing the citation in Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), and Chicago Manual of Style format will appear. Read the Articles section of the User’s Guide for more information about citing material from the encyclopedia.
How do I obtain permission to use images from the encyclopedia?
Unfortunately, we cannot always give permission for you to use the images and documents that appear in the online edition of The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe because we don’t hold the copyright on all of them. The images and documents are displayed with the name of the copyright owner. If you’d like to use one of these images or documents, please contact the copyright owner for permission. If YIVO is the copyright owner, contact us for permission by following this link.